Families CAN Dictionary







Children with special needs are
frequently diagnosed with
conditions that are difficult 
to understand. A list of some
of these diagnoses is provided 
to help you and your family
better understand your
child’s special needs.



DISORDERS & SYMPTOMS,
defined below for quick reference


A-

ADJUSTMENT DISORDER – A type of mental disorder defined as a reaction to identifiable psychosocial stressor(s).

AFFECTIVE DISORDER – A disorder of mood which may be characterized by depression, mania, or cycles of both.

ANOREXIA NERVOSA – An eating disorder marked by severe and prolonged refusal to eat, weight loss, and a disturbance in perception of body size or shape.

ANXIETY DISORDER – Exaggerated or inappropriate responses to the perception of internal or external dangers. Includes panic disorders, phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorders, post-traumatic stress, and generalized anxiety disorders.

ATTACHMENT DISORDER – An attachment disorder is a condition in which individuals have difficulty forming loving, lasting, intimate relationships.

ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER (ADD) – The essential features of this disorder are developmentally inappropriate degrees of inattention, impulsiveness and sometimes hyperactivity.

AUTISTIC DISORDER – A disorder (usually appearing by age 3) characterized by lack of communication, lack of social skills, withdrawal and developmental delays.
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-B-

BEHAVIORAL DISORDER – Displaying disruptive behavior in home, school or other settings. A disorder characterized by displaying behaviors over a long period of time, which significantly deviate from socially acceptable norms for the individual's age and situation.

BIPOLAR DISORDER – A mood disorder with elevated mood, usually accompanied by a major depressive episode. Also known as manic depression.

BULIMIA NERVOSA – An eating disorder that includes binge eating, often followed by self-induced purging, and persistent over-concern with body size, shape and weight.
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-C-

CONDUCT DISORDER – Repetitive and persistent patterns of behavior that violate either the rights of others or age appropriate social norms or rules.

-D-

DEPRESSION – A type of mood disorder characterized by low or irritable mood or loss of interest or pleasure in almost all activities over a period of time.

DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS – Disorders that have predominate disturbances in normal development of language, motor, cognitive and/or motor skills.
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-E-

EATING DISORDERS – Disorders that are manifested by gross disturbances in eating behavior, including anorexia nervosa and bulimia.

EMOTIONAL DISORDER – A disorder exhibiting emotional, behavioral and/or social impairments that interfere with a child's academic, developmental and social progress and family or other relationships.

ENCOPRESIS – A psychophysiological disorder characterized by defecation at inappropriate times.

ENURESIS – A psychophysiological disorder characterized by involuntary bed-wetting or lack of control over urination.
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-F-
No current listings

-G-
No current listings

-H-
No current listings

-I-

IDENTITY DISORDER – Severe subjective distress caused by child's inability to achieve an integrated sense of self.
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-J-
No current listings

-K-
No current listings

-L-

LEARNING DISORDER – A chronic condition that interferes with development, integration and/or demonstration of verbal and/or non-verbal abilities.
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-M-
No current listings

-N-

NARCISSISM – A disorder characterized by a grandiose sense of self-importance, need for constant attention and admiration, and disturbances in interpersonal relationships.
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-O-

OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER – An anxiety disorder manifested by intrusive and persistent thoughts (obsessions) or impulses and compulsive behaviors or rituals (compulsions).

OPPOSITIONAL DISORDER – The covert display of underlying aggression by patterns of obstinate, but generally passive behavior. Children with this disorder often provoke adults or other children by the use of negativism, stubbornness, dawdling, procrastination, and other behaviors.
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-P-

PERSONALITY DISORDER – A deeply ingrained disorder of which maladaptive patterns of relating, perceiving and thinking cause distress or impairment in functioning.

PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER – Extreme distortions or delays in the development of social behavior and language.

PHOBIC DISORDERS – Disorders that cause extreme and irrational anxiety when encountering particular situations, objects or activities.

POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD) – Anxiety disorder following a traumatic event.
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-Q-
No current listings

-R-
No current listings

-S-

SCHIZO-AFFECTIVE DISORDER – A syndrome distinct from, but with similarities to, both schizophrenia and mood disorders. May include a manic or depressive episode, hallucinations or delusions.

SCHIZOPHRENIA – A serious mental disorder characterized by verbal incoherence, severely impaired interpersonal relations, disturbance in thought processes, cognitive deficits, and inappropriate or blunted affect. The child may also exhibit hallucinations or delusions.

SERIOUS EMOTIONAL OR BEHAVIORAL DISABILITY/DISORDER – Emotional and/or social impairment in a child or adolescent that consequently disrupts the child's/ adolescent's academic and/or developmental progress, family high severity. and/or interpersonal relationships and has impaired functioning that has continued for at least one year, or has an impairment of short duration and

SOMATIZATION DISORDERS – A symptom found in a number of childhood disorders in which psychological or social facts contribute to physical symptoms.
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-T-
No current listings

-U-
No current listings

-V-
No current listings

-W-
No current listings

-X-
No current listings

-Y-
No current listings

-Z-
No current listings